Key Terms

Define the term Protocol: Computers set of rules governing the format of messages that are exchanged between computers.

What are the following protocols used for?

TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol

Http: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol: the standard protocol for transferring hypertext documents on the World Wide Web Compare HTML.

SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol: transferring e-mail messages over the internet.

Pop: Internet Post Office Protocol: brings e-mail to and from a mail server.

FTP:File Transfer Protocol: a software protocol for exchanging information between computers over a network.

What does GUI stand for? What was used before GUI?

Graphical user interface, PUI was used before GUI, contributed to information to technology and hardware.

There are two methods of data transmission – serial and parallel. Explain the difference between them.

A serial data transmission is when the data is sent in single elements were they are sent in different pathways. Where a parallel data transmission is sent as a total.

Define the term “URL”. Explain the components that make up the URL.

Uniform Resource Locator: a protocol for specifying addresses on the internet.
A Scheme
A Host
A Path
A Query string

In the context of data transmission, what is “error detection”?

Is the detection of errors caused by noise or other impairments during transmission from the transmitter to the receiver.

Name and explain one common method of error detection.

A hash function adds a fixed-length tag to a message, which enables reciveres to verify the delivered message by recomputing the tag and comparing it with one provided.

What is HTML and explain why it is important

Hypertext Mark-up Language is used to make webpage's.

History of the Internet

How did the internet originate?

The internet first started with the cold war and the fact that Russia was getting ahead with the technology than America. The U.S president at that time ; instructed to research into science programs ; one of these programs was in relation to the computer science were the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was created. The aim of this was to build a network between four different computers. They were running on four different operating systems.

Who were the people most responsible for creating it?

ARPA were responsible for creating it.

What system immediately preceded the internet? What was its purpose?

The internet was created as a project in 1958 by the United States Government ARPA to network computers in order to gain technological and potentially a military advantage over the Soviets in the middle of the cold war.

What is an IP packet? What is it comprised of?

The IP is responsible for addressing hosts and routing datagram's (packets) from a source host to the destination host across one or more IP networks. For this purpose the IP defines an addressing system that has two functions :

• identifying hosts.
• providing a logical location service 

This is accomplished by defining standard datagram's and a standard addressing system.

What does TCP stand for? 

TCP means Transmission Control Protocol. 

How does TCP deal with lost IP packets?

The TCP deals with the lost IP packets by being able to recover using TCP.

Why do computer people like everything in letters?

They might find it easier to remember as well as shorter to type and refer to.